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中国符号的困境与突围 ——对中国古代符号理论的整体考察
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【医学与哲学论文】【内容提要】中国古代哲学家很早就认识到由符号、解释者、对象三者构成的语义三角并非一个完满自足的表达体系：脱离了对象的感知属性和物理属性的符号系统并不能完全指示对象本身，“道”、“玄”等一些表示事物本体的对象由于它们具有普遍性、超时性的特征而很难被完全指示。儒家、道家、墨家、法家、名家、杂家、禅家都站在本家的立场来看待符号的困境，并在长期的争论中形成一个特殊的交集模式，使中国符号得以从困境中突围。中国符号交集模式中的形名、物我、言意诸命题，成为中国诗学的重要问题。
Abstract: Philosophers in ancient China early realized that a semantic triangle composed of symbol, expositor, and object was not a perfect expression system: symbolic system whose perceptive and physical attributes break away from object can not completely denote the object per se. Some objects such as “Dao”,“Xuan” etc ,which signify ontology of object, are hard to be thoroughly denoted due to their universality and supra- temporality. In the history of philosophy in China, many philosophical schools including confucian, Daoist, Moist, Faist, Mingist, zaiist, and buddhist looked at symbolic plight from their own standpoints, and over a long
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